Tigriptv

Introduction

Errors are a normal part of programming. In Python, you will encounter two main types of errors:

1. Syntax Errors – mistakes in the structure of your code.
2. Exceptions – errors that occur while the program is running.

Python provides a powerful way to handle exceptions so your program doesn’t crash.

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Common Errors in Python

Error Type	Example Code	Explanation
SyntaxError	print("Hello"	Missing parenthesis.
ZeroDivisionError	10 / 0	Cannot divide by zero.
NameError	print(x) (x not defined)	Using a variable that doesn’t exist.
TypeError	"5" + 2	Mixing incompatible data types.
ValueError	int("abc")	Invalid value for type conversion.

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Basic Exception Handling

try:
    number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
    result = 10 / number
    print("Result:", result)
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Error: You cannot divide by zero.")
except ValueError:
    print("Error: Please enter a valid number.")

✅ If the user enters 0, it catches ZeroDivisionError.
✅ If the user enters "abc", it catches ValueError.

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Using else and finally

try:
    num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
    print("Square:", num ** 2)
except ValueError:
    print("Invalid input. Enter a number.")
else:
    print("Operation successful!")   # runs if no error
finally:
    print("Program ended.")          # always runs

• else: Runs only if no exception occurs.
• finally: Runs no matter what (useful for cleanup).

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Raising Exceptions

You can raise exceptions manually using raise.

age = -5
if age < 0:
    raise ValueError("Age cannot be negative")

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Summary

• Syntax Errors stop the code from running.
• Exceptions happen during execution.
• Use try/except to handle errors gracefully.
• else runs only if no error, finally always runs.
• You can raise your own exceptions.

Error handling makes programs more robust, safe, and user-friendly.

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