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1. What is an API?

• API (Application Programming Interface): A way for applications to communicate with each other.
• In Python, APIs are often accessed over the web using HTTP requests.
• Data is usually returned in JSON format.

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2. The requests Library

The most common library for working with APIs in Python.

Install if needed:

pip install requests

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3. Making a GET Request

import requests

response = requests.get("https://api.github.com/users/octocat")

# Status code
print("Status:", response.status_code)

# Response as JSON
data = response.json()
print("Username:", data["login"])
print("Public Repos:", data["public_repos"])

✅ GET requests are used to retrieve data.

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4. Making a POST Request

import requests

url = "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts"
payload = {
    "title": "My First Post",
    "body": "Hello, this is a test post.",
    "userId": 1
}

response = requests.post(url, json=payload)
print("Status:", response.status_code)
print("Response:", response.json())

✅ POST requests are used to send data.

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5. Handling Authentication

Some APIs require authentication (API key, token, etc.).

headers = {
    "Authorization": "Bearer YOUR_API_KEY"
}

response = requests.get("https://api.example.com/data", headers=headers)
print(response.json())

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6. Common HTTP Status Codes

Code	Meaning
200	Success
201	Resource created
400	Bad request
401	Unauthorized (need API key/token)
403	Forbidden
404	Not found
500	Server error

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7. Example: Weather API

import requests

API_KEY = "your_api_key"
city = "London"
url = f"http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q={city}&appid={API_KEY}&units=metric"

response = requests.get(url)
data = response.json()

print("City:", data["name"])
print("Temperature:", data["main"]["temp"], "°C")
print("Weather:", data["weather"][0]["description"])

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8. Best Practices

• Always check response.status_code before using data.
• Handle errors with try/except.
• Avoid exposing your API keys (use environment variables).
• Respect API rate limits.

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Summary

• APIs allow Python to communicate with web services.
• Use the requests library to make GET and POST requests.
• Most APIs return JSON, which you can parse with .json().
• Authentication (API keys, tokens) is often required.
• Always handle status codes and possible errors.

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