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🟢 Lesson 6 – Intermediate Level

🔰 What Is a Module?

A module is simply a Python file (.py) containing code (functions, variables, classes) you can reuse in other programs.

Python has:

• Built-in modules (already included with Python, like math, random, os)
• External libraries (installed with pip, like requests, pandas)
• Custom modules (your own .py files)

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📦 Importing a Module

pythonCopierModifierimport math

print(math.sqrt(25))  # Output: 5.0

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🎯 Importing Specific Functions

pythonCopierModifierfrom math import sqrt, pi

print(sqrt(49))   # Output: 7.0
print(pi)         # Output: 3.141592653589793

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✍️ Creating Your Own Module

1. Create a file called mymodule.py:

pythonCopierModifierdef greet(name):
    return f"Hello, {name}!"

pi_value = 3.1416

2. In another Python file:

pythonCopierModifierimport mymodule

print(mymodule.greet("Ali"))
print(mymodule.pi_value)

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📚 Installing External Libraries with pip

Example: Install and Use requests

1. In your terminal or command prompt:

bashCopierModifierpip install requests

2. In Python:

pythonCopierModifierimport requests

response = requests.get("https://api.github.com")
print(response.status_code)

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🔍 Popular Python Libraries

Library	Purpose
math	Mathematical functions
random	Random number generation
os	Interact with the operating system
datetime	Dates and times
requests	HTTP requests (APIs, web data)
pandas	Data analysis
numpy	Numerical computing

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🧠 Exercise 1: Using a Built-in Module

1. Import the random module.
2. Generate 5 random integers between 1 and 50.

pythonCopierModifierimport random

for i in range(5):
    print(random.randint(1, 50))

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🧠 Exercise 2: Create and Import Your Module

• Create a module calculator.py with:
  • add(a, b)
  • subtract(a, b)
• Import and use it in another script.

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📝 Summary

• Modules let you reuse and organize your code.
• Use import to bring in Python’s built-in modules.
• Use pip install to add external libraries.
• You can write your own modules for personal or team projects.

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