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🟢 Lesson 5 – Intermediate Level

🔰 What Are Exceptions?

An exception is an error that occurs during the execution of a program.
If not handled, it will stop the program and show an error message.

Example:

pythonCopierModifierprint(5 / 0)  # ❌ ZeroDivisionError

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🛠 Basic Error Handling with try and except

pythonCopierModifiertry:
    number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
    print(10 / number)
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("❌ You cannot divide by zero!")
except ValueError:
    print("❌ Please enter a valid number.")

---

➕ Using else with try

pythonCopierModifiertry:
    num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
    result = 10 / num
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("❌ Cannot divide by zero.")
else:
    print("✅ Division result:", result)

📌 else runs only if there is no error in try.

---

🧹 Using finally to Always Execute Code

pythonCopierModifiertry:
    file = open("example.txt", "r")
    print(file.read())
except FileNotFoundError:
    print("❌ File not found.")
finally:
    print("📌 This runs no matter what.")

---

📤 Raising Your Own Exceptions

pythonCopierModifierage = int(input("Enter your age: "))
if age < 0:
    raise ValueError("Age cannot be negative!")
else:
    print("Age is valid.")

---

🛠 Custom Exception Class

pythonCopierModifierclass NegativeNumberError(Exception):
    pass

def check_number(num):
    if num < 0:
        raise NegativeNumberError("Negative numbers are not allowed.")
    else:
        print("Number is fine.")

try:
    check_number(-5)
except NegativeNumberError as e:
    print("❌ Error:", e)

---

🧠 Exercise 1: Division Calculator with Error Handling

Write a program that:

1. Asks the user for two numbers.
2. Divides them.
3. Handles:
   • ValueError if input is not a number.
   • ZeroDivisionError if denominator is zero.

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🧠 Exercise 2: Safe File Reader

Ask the user for a file name:

• If the file exists → print its content.
• If not → print "File does not exist" and continue.

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📝 Summary

• Use try and except to catch and handle exceptions.
• Use else for code that should only run if no error occurs.
• Use finally for cleanup actions (closing files, releasing resources).
• You can raise custom exceptions with raise.
• You can create your own exception classes for specific situations.

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